1. Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes.
2. The current out break originated in Brazil and has since spread to 20 countries in the America.
3. There is no treatment or vaccine available.
4. Symptoms can include a mild fever, skin rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis, normally lasting 2- 7 days.
5. Pregnant woman are mostly at risk as the virus may cause brain defects in the unborn baby.
6. Prevent transmission by avoiding contact with mosquitoes all together. Use insect repellent and cover skin with long sleeves.
Epidemiology:
- Only about 1 in 5 people infected will fall ill.
- 22 areas in Latin America and the Caribbean have active Zika virus transmission.
- There is also presence of an outbreak of the virus in Thailand and Indonesia.
Mode of Transmission: Zika virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquito which also transmits dengue.
- Fever
- headache
- Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
- Rash
- Joint and muscle pain.
- Vomiting
- Birth defects in unborn baby. ( there is a link between maternal zika virus infection and infant microcephaly)
The symptoms are vague and can last up to 1 week.
Diagnosis: is typically confirmed with a blood test.
Treatment: The center of disease control and prevention (CDC) report that there is no treatment for the virus however following conservative measures should be take for the affected patient:
- Rest
- Increasing fluid intake to prevent dehydration.
- Pain and fever relief medicine like acetaminophen.
Prevention: Since there is currently no vaccine to protect against the disease, avoiding mosquito bites is vital to prevent transmission of Zika virus.
The CDC recommends using insect repellents, wearing long sleeved garments and pants, using window and door screens and cleaning areas that may contain standing water in which mosquitoes can lay eggs.
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